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<h1 id="嵌入式开源项目精选专栏"><a href="#嵌入式开源项目精选专栏" class="headerlink" title="嵌入式开源项目精选专栏"></a>嵌入式开源项目精选专栏</h1><p>本专栏由Mculover666创建，主要内容为寻找嵌入式领域内的优质开源项目，一是帮助开发者使用开源项目实现更多的功能，二是通过这些开源项目，学习大佬的代码及背后的实现思想，提升自己的代码水平，和其它专栏相比，本专栏的优势在于：</p>
<p><strong>不会单纯的介绍分享项目，还会包含作者亲自实践的过程分享，甚至还会有对它背后的设计思想解读</strong>。</p>
<p>目前本专栏包含的开源项目有：</p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/Mculover666/article/details/101351255">SFUD | 一个简洁实用的开源项目，帮你轻松搞定SPI Flash</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/Mculover666/article/details/103796256">cJSON | 一个轻量级C语言JSON解析器</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/Mculover666/article/details/103935428">paho | 支持10种语言编写mqtt客户端，总有一款适合你！</a></li>
</ul>
<p>如果您自己编写或者发现的开源项目不错，欢迎留言或者私信投稿到本专栏，分享获得双倍的快乐！</p>
<h1 id="1-MultiButton"><a href="#1-MultiButton" class="headerlink" title="1. MultiButton"></a>1. MultiButton</h1><p>本期给大家带来的开源项目是 MultiButton，<strong>一个小巧简单易用的事件驱动型按键驱动模块</strong>，作者 0x1abin，目前收获 222 个star，遵循 MIT 开源许可。</p>
<p>这个项目非常精简，只有两个文件，可无限量扩展按键，按键事件的回调异步处理方式可以简化程序结构，去除冗余的按键处理硬编码，让你的按键业务逻辑更清晰。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320163601795.png"><br>MuliButton 支持如下的按钮事件：<br>|事件|说明|<br>|:—:|:—:|<br>|PRESS_DOWN    |按键按下，每次按下都触发|<br>|PRESS_UP    |按键弹起，每次松开都触发|<br>|PRESS_REPEAT|    重复按下触发，变量repeat计数连击次数|<br>|SINGLE_CLICK    |单击按键事件|<br>|DOUBLE_CLICK|    双击按键事件|<br>|LONG_RRESS_START|    达到长按时间阈值时触发一次|<br>|LONG_PRESS_HOLD|    长按期间一直触发|</p>
<blockquote>
<p>GIthub地址：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/0x1abin/MultiButton">https://github.com/0x1abin/MultiButton</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="2-使用MultiButton"><a href="#2-使用MultiButton" class="headerlink" title="2. 使用MultiButton"></a>2. 使用MultiButton</h1><h2 id="2-1-准备一份裸机工程"><a href="#2-1-准备一份裸机工程" class="headerlink" title="2.1. 准备一份裸机工程"></a>2.1. 准备一份裸机工程</h2><p>需要掌握使用HAL库读取GPIO输入的函数、串口的使用、printf重定向、以及systick的使用：</p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/Mculover666/article/details/95907760">STM32CubeMX | 04-使用GPIO进行按键检测</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/Mculover666/article/details/95941795">STM32CubeMX | 06-使用USART发送和接收数据（查询模式）</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/Mculover666/article/details/99842909">STM32CubeMX | 09-重定向printf函数到串口输出的多种方法</a></li>
<li><a href=""></a></li>
</ul>
<p>本文中我使用小熊派IoT开发板，主控为STM32L431RCT6：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320201839463.png"><br>配置外部时钟：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320202248791.png"><br>按键GPIO配置：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320202336887.png"><br>打印串口配置：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320202436671.png"><br>时钟配置：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320202521420.png"><br>配置工程，生成代码，重定向printf，<strong>printf可以正常打印后进行下面的步骤</strong>。</p>
<h2 id="2-2-移植MultiButton"><a href="#2-2-移植MultiButton" class="headerlink" title="2.2. 移植MultiButton"></a>2.2. 移植MultiButton</h2><p>① 复制MultiButton源码到裸机工程中：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320202819445.png"><br>② 添加MultiButton源码到项目中：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320203315805.png"><br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320203343127.png"><br>此时编译没有问题。</p>
<h2 id="2-3-编写MultiButton应用代码"><a href="#2-3-编写MultiButton应用代码" class="headerlink" title="2.3. 编写MultiButton应用代码"></a>2.3. 编写MultiButton应用代码</h2><p>在main.c文件中编写以下代码。</p>
<p>① <strong>包含头文件</strong></p>
<pre><code class="c">/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;        //要使用printf
#include &quot;multi_button.h&quot;

/* USER CODE END Includes */
</code></pre>
<p>② <strong>定义一个按键结构（按键对象）</strong></p>
<pre><code class="c">/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

//申请一个按键结构
struct Button button1;

/* USER CODE END PV */
</code></pre>
<p>③ <strong>初始化按键对象</strong></p>
<p>初始化按键对象使用的API为：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320204526906.png"></p>
<ul>
<li>第一个参数为刚刚创建的按键对象的指针；</li>
<li>第二个参数为绑定按键的GPIO电平读取接口；</li>
<li>第三个参数为设置有效触发电平；</li>
</ul>
<p>首先在main函数之前实现一个GPIO电平读取接口：</p>
<pre><code class="c">/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

//按键状态读取接口
uint8_t read_button1_GPIO() 
&#123;
    return HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(KEY1_GPIO_Port, KEY1_Pin);
&#125;

/* USER CODE END 0 */
</code></pre>
<p>初始化按键对象的代码在main函数中，while(1)之前编写，如下：</p>
<pre><code class="c">/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
printf(&quot;MultiButton Test...\r\n&quot;);

//初始化按键对象
button_init(&amp;button1, read_button1_GPIO, 0);

/* USER CODE END 2 */
</code></pre>
<p>④ 注册按键事件</p>
<p>注册按钮事件的API如下：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320205411492.png"></p>
<ul>
<li>第一个参数为按钮对象指针；</li>
<li>第二个参数为MultiButton支持的按钮事件；</li>
<li>第三个参数为要注册的该事件回调函数；</li>
</ul>
<p>MultiButton支持的按钮事件枚举如下：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320205957544.png"><br>首先<strong>在main函数之前</strong>定义这两个事件的回调函数，回调函数有两种写法。</p>
<p>第一种<strong>适合于按键事件较少的情况</strong>：</p>
<pre><code class="c">//按键1按下事件回调函数
void btn1_press_down_Handler(void* btn)
&#123;
    printf(&quot;---&gt; key1 press down! &lt;---\r\n&quot;);
&#125;

//按键1松开事件回调函数
void btn1_press_up_Handler(void* btn)
&#123;
    printf(&quot;***&gt; key1 press up! &lt;***\r\n&quot;);
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>在main函数中，while(1)之前注册这两个回调函数：</p>
<pre><code class="c">//注册按钮事件回调函数
button_attach(&amp;button1, PRESS_DOWN, btn1_press_down_Handler);
button_attach(&amp;button1, PRESS_UP, btn1_press_up_Handler);
</code></pre>
<p>第二种<strong>适合于按键事件较多的情况</strong>，如果每个按键都要写 7 个回调函数，那么代码量会非常的大，所以可以将这 7 个回调函数写在一起，一次性全部注册，回调函数如下：</p>
<pre><code class="c">void button_callback(void *button)
&#123;
    uint32_t btn_event_val; 
    
    btn_event_val = get_button_event((struct Button *)button); 
    
    switch(btn_event_val)
    &#123;
        case PRESS_DOWN:
            printf(&quot;---&gt; key1 press down! &lt;---\r\n&quot;); 
            break; 
    
        case PRESS_UP: 
            printf(&quot;***&gt; key1 press up! &lt;***\r\n&quot;);
            break; 
    
        case PRESS_REPEAT: 
            printf(&quot;---&gt; key1 press repeat! &lt;---\r\n&quot;);
            break; 
    
        case SINGLE_CLICK: 
            printf(&quot;---&gt; key1 single click! &lt;---\r\n&quot;);
            break; 
    
        case DOUBLE_CLICK: 
            printf(&quot;***&gt; key1 double click! &lt;***\r\n&quot;);
            break; 
    
        case LONG_RRESS_START: 
            printf(&quot;---&gt; key1 long press start! &lt;---\r\n&quot;);
               break; 
    
        case LONG_PRESS_HOLD: 
            printf(&quot;***&gt; key1 long press hold! &lt;***\r\n&quot;);
            break; 
    &#125;
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>使用这种回调函数的时候需要在MultiButton的源码中添加一行代码：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200321132828355.png"><br>注册回调函数的代码如下：</p>
<pre><code class="c">//注册按钮事件回调函数

button_attach(&amp;button1, PRESS_DOWN,       button_callback);
button_attach(&amp;button1, PRESS_UP,         button_callback);
//button_attach(&amp;button1, PRESS_REPEAT,     button_callback);
//button_attach(&amp;button1, SINGLE_CLICK,     button_callback);
//button_attach(&amp;button1, DOUBLE_CLICK,     button_callback);
//button_attach(&amp;button1, LONG_RRESS_START, button_callback);
//button_attach(&amp;button1, LONG_PRESS_HOLD,  button_callback);
</code></pre>
<p>⑤ 启动按键<br>启动按键的API如下：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320210755871.png"><br>接着在main函数中，while(1)之前编写代码，启动按键：</p>
<pre><code class="c">//启动按键
button_start(&amp;button1);
</code></pre>
<p>⑥ 设置一个5ms间隔的定时器循环调用后台处理函数</p>
<p>这里就要用到systick了，在main函数的while(1)循环中编写如下代码：</p>
<pre><code class="c">  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  &#123;
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
        //每隔5ms调用一次后台处理函数
        button_ticks();
        HAL_Delay(5);
  &#125;
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
</code></pre>
<h2 id="2-4-实验现象"><a href="#2-4-实验现象" class="headerlink" title="2.4. 实验现象"></a>2.4. 实验现象</h2><p>编译、下载之后，每次按下Key1时打印按下提示，松开Key1时打印松开提示：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200320211941501.png"></p>
<h2 id="2-5-扩展实验"><a href="#2-5-扩展实验" class="headerlink" title="2.5. 扩展实验"></a>2.5. 扩展实验</h2><p>在注册回调函数时将这按下和松开屏蔽，将单击和双击打开进行测试：</p>
<pre><code class="c">//注册按钮事件回调函数
//button_attach(&amp;button1, PRESS_DOWN,       button_callback);
//button_attach(&amp;button1, PRESS_UP,         button_callback);
//button_attach(&amp;button1, PRESS_REPEAT,     button_callback);
button_attach(&amp;button1, SINGLE_CLICK,     button_callback);
button_attach(&amp;button1, DOUBLE_CLICK,     button_callback);
//button_attach(&amp;button1, LONG_RRESS_START, button_callback);
//button_attach(&amp;button1, LONG_PRESS_HOLD,  button_callback);
</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200321133109749.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L01jdWxvdmVyNjY2,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70"><br>再测试长按：</p>
<pre><code class="c">    //注册按钮事件回调函数
    //button_attach(&amp;button1, PRESS_DOWN,       button_callback);
    //button_attach(&amp;button1, PRESS_UP,         button_callback);
    //button_attach(&amp;button1, PRESS_REPEAT,     button_callback);
    //button_attach(&amp;button1, SINGLE_CLICK,     button_callback);
    //button_attach(&amp;button1, DOUBLE_CLICK,     button_callback);
    button_attach(&amp;button1, LONG_RRESS_START, button_callback);
    button_attach(&amp;button1, LONG_PRESS_HOLD,  button_callback);
</code></pre>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200321133329271.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L01jdWxvdmVyNjY2,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70"></p>
<h1 id="3-MultiButton设计思想解读"><a href="#3-MultiButton设计思想解读" class="headerlink" title="3. MultiButton设计思想解读"></a>3. MultiButton设计思想解读</h1><h2 id="3-1-面向对象思想"><a href="#3-1-面向对象思想" class="headerlink" title="3.1. 面向对象思想"></a>3.1. 面向对象思想</h2><p>MultiButton中每个按键都抽象为了一个<strong>按键对象</strong>，每个按键对象是独立的，系统中所有的按键对象使用<strong>单链表</strong>串起来，结构如下：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200321112311826.png"><br>其中在变量后面跟冒号的语法称为<strong>位域</strong>，使用位域的优势是<strong>节省内存</strong>。</p>
<p>比如在这个结构体中，本来 6 个uint8_t 类型的变量需要占用 6 个字节，但使用位域语法后，这6个变量<strong>只占用两个字节</strong>：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020032111334119.png"></p>
<h2 id="3-2-按键对象单链表"><a href="#3-2-按键对象单链表" class="headerlink" title="3.2. 按键对象单链表"></a>3.2. 按键对象单链表</h2><p>MultiButton自己定义了一个<strong>头指针</strong>：</p>
<pre><code class="c">//button handle list head.
static struct Button* head_handle = NULL;
</code></pre>
<p>用户插入一个按键对象的代码如下：</p>
<pre><code class="c">//启动按键
button_start(&amp;button1);
</code></pre>
<p>那么，button_start插入新的按键对象之后，单链表长啥样呢？</p>
<p>理解了 button_start 的源码就很好知道答案了：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200321120539957.png"><br>第一次插入时，因为head_hanler 为 NULL，所以只需要执行while之后的代码，<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200321121556782.png"><br>按照它的插入于原理，如果再插入一个buuton2按键对象，结果是不是可以猜出来了呢？</p>
<p>没错，它长这样：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200321122110969.png"><br>这样做是不是有点不符合常理？后插入Button2竟然在button1前面，凭什么？</p>
<p>这又不是排队抢鸡蛋，在前在后没什么关系的。只是这样的插入方法<strong>在代码算法上会非常简洁</strong>，两行代码完成插入。</p>
<h2 id="3-3-状态机处理思想"><a href="#3-3-状态机处理思想" class="headerlink" title="3.3. 状态机处理思想"></a>3.3. 状态机处理思想</h2><p>MultiButton中使用状态机来处理每个按键对象（的状态），比如在上述应用中根据Systick提供的时基信号，每隔5ms调用一次 <code>button_tick()</code>，该函数会依次调用状态机对单链表上的所有按键对象进行遍历处理：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200321114739484.png"><br>根据上一节的单链表讲解，<strong>系统中定义的链表头指针 head_handle 永远指向最后一个插入的按键对象，所以无需任何参数即可遍历整个单链表上的对象</strong>，非常之牛逼。</p>
<p>使用 button_handler 来对按键对象的状态进行处理，该函数源码如下：</p>
<p>（读源码的时候只需要记住该函数每隔5ms进入一次就很好分析了）</p>
<p>① <strong>读取当前引脚状态</strong></p>
<p>调用该按键对象注册的读取状态函数进行读取：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200321133718186.png"><br>② 读取之后，判断当前状态机的状态，如果有功能正在执行（state不为0），则按键对象的tick值加1（<strong>后续一切功能的基础</strong>）：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020032113383453.png"><br>③ <strong>按键消抖</strong>（连续读取3次，15ms，如果引脚状态一直与之前不同，则改变按键对象中的引脚状态）：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200321134036739.png"><br>④ <strong>状态机</strong>（整个设计的灵魂所在）</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200321140602485.png"></p>
<h1 id="4-项目工程源码获取和问题交流"><a href="#4-项目工程源码获取和问题交流" class="headerlink" title="4. 项目工程源码获取和问题交流"></a>4. 项目工程源码获取和问题交流</h1><p>目前我将MultiButton源码、我移植到小熊派STM32L431RCT6开发板的工程、移植到STM32Nucleo-STM32G071RB开发板的工程源码上传到了QQ群里（包含好几份HAL库，QQ相对速度快点），<strong>可以在QQ群里下载，有问题也可以在群里交流，当然也欢迎大家分享出来自己移植的工程到QQ群里</strong>：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200321144423738.png"><br>放上QQ群二维码：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200321144543508.png"></p>
<p><font color="red"><strong>接收更多精彩文章及资源推送，欢迎订阅我的微信公众号：『mculover666』。</strong></font><br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200202092055136.png"></p>

                
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